The new insight of treatment in Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy in which metastatic relapse and primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy remain major causes of mortality.
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy in which metastatic relapse and primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy remain major causes of mortality. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved first‑line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer, most patients do not achieve durable benefit, indicating that immune failure is not explained by a single checkpoint pathway. In this Review, we propose a spatial immune‑regulatory continuum for cholangiocarcinoma dissemination. Most direct single‑cell and spatial evidence currently derives from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and its applicability to perihilar and distal disease remains to be established. ...
The paper demonstrates that despite advances in checkpoint‑based immunotherapy, most cholangiocarcinoma patients fail to achieve durable remission, underscoring the need to understand the spatial immune‑regulatory networks that fuel metastasis and to develop strategies that intercept dissemination before overt metastatic disease develops.
Evidence level: Számítógépes vagy elméleti. Modellből vagy adatbányászatból származó jel.
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