Esophageal cancer: from pathogenesis to precision therapies

Cancer research · Esophageal cancer · TP53 · ERBB2 · KRAS

Esophageal cancer (EC), encompassing primarily esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), continues to pose a significant global health burden, which is largely due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy.

Esophageal cancer (EC), encompassing primarily esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), continues to pose a significant global health burden, which is largely due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we synthesize current insights into key aspects of EC, including established risk factors, the stepwise process of tumorigenesis, strategies for early detection and prevention, and emerging therapeutic approaches. We summarise recent progress in precision treatment, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and multidisciplinary treatment, aiming to inform future directions in early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized therapy to improve clinical outcomes.

By delineating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying EC initiation and progression, this review aims to inform future directions in early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized therapy, ultimately contributing to improved clinical outcomes and precision prevention of EC.

Evidence level: Feltételezés / hírjelzés. Nincs önálló tudományos bizonyíték.

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