Advancing breast, lung and prostate cancer research with federated learning. A systematic review
Federated learning improves model generalisability and performance in breast, lung and prostate cancer by enabling privacy‑preserving collaborative training and outperforming centralised ML in many studies.
Federated learning (FL) is advancing cancer research by enabling privacy-preserving collaborative training of machine learning (ML) models on diverse, multi-centre data. This systematic review synthesises current knowledge on state-of-the-art FL in oncology, focusing on breast, lung, and prostate cancer. Unlike previous surveys, we critically evaluate FL’s real-world implementation and impact, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing ML generalisability and performance in clinical settings. Our analysis reveals that FL outperformed centralised ML in 15 out of 25 studies, spanning diverse models and clinical applications, including multi-modal integration for precision medicine. Despite challenges identified in reproducibility and standardisation, FL demonstrates substantial potential for advancing cancer research. We propose future research focus on addressing these limitations and investigating advanced FL methods to fully harness data diversity and realise the transformative power of cutting-edge FL in cancer care.
Federated learning enables privacy-preserving collaborative research, increasing data diversity and improving model performance in breast, lung, and prostate cancer, potentially accelerating precision medicine.
Evidence level: Irányelv / elfogadott gyakorlat. Magas szintű klinikai elfogadottság.
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