Glioblastoma multiforme: insights into pathogenesis, key signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies
Targeting these key signaling pathways may improve GBM patient outcomes
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis and significant resistance to existing treatments. Despite progress in therapeutic strategies, the median overall survival remains approximately 15 months. A hallmark of GBM is its intricate molecular profile, driven by disruptions in multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt, NF‑κB, and TGF‑β, critical to tumor growth, invasion, and treatment resistance. This review examines the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects of targeting these pathways in GBM, highlighting recent insights into pathway interactions and discovering new therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
GBM is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, with a dismal prognosis and limited response to standard therapies, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.
Evidence level: Állatkísérletes. Állatmodellben vizsgálták.
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