Overcoming colorectal cancer and cancer stem cell resistance with photodynamic therapy: new frontiers in oncology

Rákkutatás · Colorectal cancer

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), including nanotechnology‐enhanced photosensitizers, shows promise for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and overcoming resistance conferred by cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health issue characterized by abnormal cell growth leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. While conventional treatments like chemotherapy and surgery exist, they often fall short due to severe side effects and the emergence of treatment resistance, particularly from cancer stem cells (CSCs). These CSCs contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence, posing challenges for effective management. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising alternative, leveraging light-activated photosensitizers (PSs) to selectively target and destroy tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Recent advancements in PDT, including the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and novel PSs, enhance its efficacy against CRC and CSCs. Preclinical studies have demonstrated PDT ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth in various models, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Additionally, combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors may further improve treatment outcomes by activating robust immune responses. This review discusses the mechanisms of resistance in CRC, the role of CSCs, and the evolving landscape of PDT, emphasizing the need for continued research to optimize combination therapies for enhanced efficacy against colorectal cancer.

Overcoming resistance from cancer stem cells is critical to prevent recurrence and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Photodynamic therapy offers a targeted, minimally invasive approach that can selectively eliminate CSCs, potentially improving survival and reducing the need for aggressive chemotherapy.

Bizonyítékszint: Sejtvonalas. Laboratóriumi sejtekben vizsgálták.

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