Phytochemicals Targeting Inflammatory Signaling Pathways to Combat Gastric Cancer

Rákkutatás · Gastric cancer · TP53

Plant-derived phytochemicals can simultaneously modulate multiple inflammatory and oncogenic signaling pathways, offering low-toxicity adjunctive therapy for gastric cancer, though robust clinical evidence remains scarce.

Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to delayed diagnosis, complex molecular mechanisms, and resistance to existing therapies. Although treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy are available, their effectiveness is often limited by toxicity, adverse effects, and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is a growing need for safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, plant-derived phytochemicals have gained considerable attention due to their relatively low toxicity and ability to target multiple molecular pathways. Compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, berberine, luteolin, apigenin, sulforaphane, and ginsenosides have demonstrated notable anticancer potential, with promising results in preclinical studies and increasing evaluation in clinical settings. These bioactive molecules modulate key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, MAPK, and Wnt/β‑catenin, thereby suppressing inflammation and regulating oxidative stress, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Furthermore, these phytochemicals have been reported to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and reduce drug resistance, supporting their role in combination therapy. However, their clinical application remains limited due to poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, lack of standardized formulations, and insufficient clinical evidence. Advances in nanotechnology-based delivery systems may help overcome these limitations and improve therapeutic outcomes. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of phytochemicals as multi-targeted, low-toxicity agents in gastric cancer management and emphasizes their promise as adjuncts to current therapies. However, further well‑designed clinical studies are essential to establish their efficacy and safety.

Gastric cancer has high mortality and limited treatment options; phytochemicals offer a promising, low‑toxic approach that may improve patient outcomes and overcome drug resistance, but clinical validation is required.

Bizonyítékszint: Állatkísérletes. Állatmodellben vizsgálták.

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