Endometrial cancer

Cancer research · Endometrial cancer

Surgery is the first‑line treatment for endometrial cancer, with adjuvant radiation recommended for early‑stage high‑intermediate risk disease and adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin + paclitaxel) plus or with anti‑PD‑1 immunotherapy for advanced‑stage or aggressive histologic subtypes.

Endometrial cancer represents the majority of uterine malignancies, accounting for 95% of cases. The review summarizes epidemiology, typical driver (estrogen exposure), and management strategies. Standard care involves surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes, with lymph node assessment. Early‑stage, low‑risk disease is treated with observation, whereas high‑intermediate risk early‑stage disease benefits from adjuvant radiation. Advanced‑stage or aggressive histologic subtypes receive adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel, potentially combined with anti‑PD‑1 immunotherapy. Hormonal agents such as progestins or anti‑estrogens are options for selected patients. Five‑year survival rates decline with advancing stage, underscoring the need for effective systemic therapies.

Endometrial cancer is the most common uterine malignancy and the fourth most prevalent cancer in women in the United States. Although the mortality rate remains lower than other gynecologic cancers, rising incidence—especially among younger women—combined with variable survival outcomes makes optimal treatment strategies critical. Surgical approach remains the cornerstone of care, yet the role of adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy continues to evolve.

Evidence level: Korai humán adat. Kis vagy feltáró emberi adat.

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