Lung Cancer Treatment Advances in 2022.
The failure of the pivotal Phase III trials of gefitinib (AstraZeneca's Iressa) to demonstrate a benefit in the first‑line treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer is a classic example of a potential blockbuster failing to meet high expectations.
Non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an extremely low 5‑year survival rate, with the only effective treatment being immunoradiotherapy (iRT). Here, we review the progress of clinical research on iRT for non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over 2018–2023, as well as the future directions. We first discuss the synergistic mechanisms of iRT, reflected in three aspects: immune regulation of RT, RT‑activated immune‑related pathways, and RT‑related immune sensitization. iRT may include either external‑beam or stereotactic‑body RT combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., immunoglobulins against immune programmed cell death (PD) 1/PD ligand 1 or CD8+ T lymphocyte antigen 4) or traditional Chinese medicine drugs. Regarding clinical effectiveness and safety, iRT increases overall and progression‑free survival and tumor control rate among patients with NSCLC but without a considerable increase in toxicity risk. We finally discuss iRT challenges and future directions reported over 2018–2023.
Bizonyítékszint: Irányelv / elfogadott gyakorlat. Magas szintű klinikai elfogadottság.
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