Glioblastoma at the crossroads: current understanding and future therapeutic horizons
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults, and emerging targeted, precision‑medicine and immunotherapy approaches hold promise for improving patient outcomes.
This review summarizes the molecular and genetic landscape of glioblastoma, highlighting key oncogenic drivers (e.g., EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR), epigenetic alterations, and the tumor microenvironment’s role in immune evasion. It discusses emerging therapies—including immunotherapies, oncolytic virus, extracellular‑vesicle, non‑coding RNA, electric‑field and locoregional treatments—as well as precision‑medicine strategies aimed at overcoming blood–brain barrier penetration and therapeutic resistance.
Glioblastoma has the poorest prognosis among solid tumors, with median survival of 12–15 months despite current standard care. Developing effective targeted and immunologic therapies could substantially improve survival and quality of life for patients.
Evidence level: Állatkísérletes. Állatmodellben vizsgálták.