Melanoma: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy

Rákkutatás · Melanoma · BRAF

BRAF inhibitors combined with MEK inhibitors significantly improved the prognosis of BRAF mutation melanoma.

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignant tumor, typically exhibiting a high mutation burden and potentially harboring mutations in NRAS, BRAF, or NF1. To enhance survival rates, these driver alterations can achieve significant antitumor activity through targeted therapy. In the past decade, BRAF inhibitors combined with MEK inhibitors significantly improved the prognosis of BRAF mutation melanoma. Nevertheless, researchers have attempted various strategies to block the NRAS signaling pathway, NRAS mutation in melanoma is still considered to be untargetable. In recent years, MEK inhibitors like binimetinib and tunlametinib have displayed the efficacy for NRAS^mut melanoma, with tunlametinib being the first and only approved MEK inhibitor for advanced NRAS^mut melanoma. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors including PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‑4) inhibitors changed the treatment landscape of advanced melanoma. The review summarizes the current knowledge of molecular pathogenesis and classification of melanoma and explores current and potential treatment approaches, focusing on BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, immunotherapy, and their clinical relevance.

The treatment landscape for advanced melanoma has evolved significantly, with BRAF‑MEK inhibitor combinations and immune checkpoint inhibitors becoming standard therapies, thereby improving patient outcomes.

Bizonyítékszint: Irányelv / elfogadott gyakorlat. Magas szintű klinikai elfogadottság.

Eredeti forrás

Kapcsolódó jelek