Colon Cancer
Screening colonoscopy is critical for early detection of colon cancer.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer‑related death worldwide, with colon cancer accounting for approximately 70% of cases. The disease often follows a multistep adenoma‑carcinoma sequence involving chromosomal instability (CIN), DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, or CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Early detection through colonoscopy, combined with targeted and systemic therapies such as 5‑fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and biologic agents, improves prognosis. The review summarizes risk factors, etiologic pathways, diagnostic strategies, staging, and treatment options, emphasizing the importance of screening, molecular profiling, and multidisciplinary care.
Colon cancer remains a major public health issue with high incidence and mortality; timely screening, accurate diagnosis, and evidence‑based treatment significantly improve survival and quality of life.
Evidence level: Korai humán adat. Kis vagy feltáró emberi adat.
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