GLP-1RA Use and Thyroid Cancer Risk

Cancer research · Thyroid cancer

Initiation of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1RA) is associated with an increased risk of incident thyroid cancer within the first year of therapy compared with other glucose‑lowering medications

The study examined the risk of thyroid cancer among 351,913 adults with type 2 diabetes who initiated glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1RA) versus other glucose‑lowering drugs (DPP4i, SGLT2i, sulfonylurea) using claims data from 2014‑2021. In the primary modified intention‑to‑treat analysis, GLP‑1RA initiation was not associated with a significant overall increase in thyroid cancer risk (HR = 1.24; 95% CI 0.88‑1.76). However, within the first year after initiation, the risk was significantly higher (HR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.11‑3.08), and this effect was amplified in as‑treated analyses (HR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.10‑3.95). The absolute incidence remained low (≈0.17%).

GLP‑1RA agents are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recognizing a potential short‑term elevation in thyroid cancer detection is essential for clinicians to counsel patients regarding risks, surveillance, and long‑term safety while maintaining the benefits of glycaemic control and weight management.

Evidence level: Sejtvonalas. Laboratóriumi sejtekben vizsgálták.

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