Anal Carcinoma
Anal carcinoma is a rare but increasingly prevalent malignancy, with incidence rates rising approximately 2.7% annually over the past decade.
Anal carcinoma is a rare but increasingly common squamous cell malignancy of the anal canal and perianal skin that is strongly linked to high‑risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The disease is predominantly a squamous cell carcinoma (≈85 %) and is diagnosed most often by anoscopic biopsy following a high‑resolution imaging work‑up. Early diagnosis and standard‑of‑care chemoradiation therapy (CRT) improve outcomes, while surgery (abdominoperineal resection or local excision) is reserved for unresectable, persistent or recurrent disease. Immunotherapy is emerging for metastatic disease, and HPV vaccination is a key preventive measure.
Accurate knowledge of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic work‑up and therapeutic options for anal carcinoma enables clinicians to provide timely, evidence‑based care, reduce morbidity, and improve survival for this growing patient population.
Evidence level: Klinikai vizsgálat. Formális klinikai vizsgálati eredmény.
Related signals
- Clinical Outcomes, Patterns of Failure, and Salvage Therapies of a Large Modern Cohort of Patients With Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Definitive-Intent Intensity‑Modulated Radiation Therapy
- Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer
- Advancements in Immunotherapy for Anal Cancer Treatment
- Background and Current Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus
- Genotyping and Cytology Co-Testing for Anal Cancer Screening: Exploratory Evaluation of Cumulative HPV Genotype Burden